联体线虫科(线虫动物门)系统分类研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

林施泉  王小谷  王春生 《海洋学研究》2020,38(2):49-65

联体线虫科是自由生活海洋线虫中种类多样性较高的一个科,广泛分布于潮间带、浅海甚至超过6 000 m的深渊海底。联体线虫科目前已记录有19个属239个有效种(另有4个属由于原始描述较简单,被认为是疑似属),是当前海洋线虫分类学研究最为活跃的一个科。本文简述了联体线虫科的系统分类研究历史,回顾了这一类群的国内外系统分类学研究进展,对3个亚科的分类进一步做了梳理,并列出了各个属的种类检索表。  相似文献   

海洋信息技术新进展     

姜晓轶  康林冲  符昱  孙苗 《海洋信息》2020,35(1):1-5

海洋信息技术是认识和开发利用海洋最直接、最便捷的手段.本文主要概述自2015年以来,围绕海洋观测监测、海洋物联网、海上通信组网、海洋信息基础设施、海洋数据处理以及信息应用服务等方面的新发展和新技术,并对后续发展提出简要建议.  相似文献   

无人船现状及发展趋势综述     

蒲进菁  刘涵  江云华  黄坚  邝广绅  李小龙 《海洋信息》2020,35(1):6-11

无人船是海洋技术发展的产物,作为一种新型技术手段目前已在海洋调测和防务领域广泛应用.本文从无人船系统的组成、应用领域和发展现状出发,归纳总结无人船的关键技术,并研究其发展趋势.作为一种水面机动载体,无人船关键技术包括特型平台设计技术、运动控制技术和通信技术3个方面,其核心是围绕任务内容、载荷原理、使用环境特点,以应用设计、功能开发为主体的系统集成和应用.现阶段无人船主要作为传统海上工作方法的补充,在遵守、参照现有各种法规、技术标准要求的前提下,搭载已成型的船用任务载荷,按照载人船舶的作业模式、施工惯例投入各种应用.未来随着材料技术、人工智能、通信技术的发展,以及相关政策、法规的建立、健全,无人船将逐步成为一种独立的技术手段,形成一系列新的作业模式和技术方法.  相似文献   

中国海洋生态环境特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

林天维  孙子钧  柴清志  严志宇  孙冰 《海洋开发与管理》2020,37(5):36-40

随着社会不断地发展，资源需求不断增加，海洋生态环境污染日益严重的问题开始逐渐显现出来。文章对近18年的相关数据进行计算研究，从水体质量、富营养化、赤潮情况等方面对我国海洋水体环境进行了分析，指出虽然我国四大海区水质问题逐年改善，但南海的近岸污染问题、东海和渤海的赤潮问题等仍需加以重视。文章的大量数据分析为我国建立更符合国情的海洋生态环境治理决策提供了参考。  相似文献   

茂名建设现代化海洋经济体系的现状、问题及路径          下载免费PDF全文

韩建华 《海洋开发与管理》2020,37(5):83-88

在广东实现“四个走在全国前列”的时代需求下，茂名应着力建设现代化海洋经济体系。近年来，茂名海洋经济总量快速增长、海洋经济体系基本形成、海洋创新成果初具规模、海洋生态建设成效显著、海洋管理能力不断增强，奠定了建设现代化海洋经济体系的基础，但也面临着海洋经济规模偏小且结构不够合理、现代化海洋产业进程缓慢、现代化海洋经济发展动力不足且受到制约和缺乏保障等问题。未来应从加快供给侧改革、实施创新驱动、推进开放合作、优化海洋生态系统和完善体制机制等方面寻求茂名建设现代化海洋经济体系的路径策略。  相似文献   

Climate discourses as barriers to rights-based adaptive social protection: How historical politics shape Ethiopia’s climate-smart safety net     

《Global Environmental Change》2022

A rights-based approach to ‘adaptive social protection’ holds promise as a policy measure to address structural dimensions of vulnerability to climate change such as inequality and marginalisation, yet it has been failing to gain traction against production and growth-oriented interventions. Through the lens of Ethiopia’s flagship Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP), we trace the role of climate discourses in impeding progress towards socially transformative outcomes, despite the importance of social protection for building resilience. We argue that intertwining narratives of moral leadership and green growth associated with Ethiopia’s national climate strategy shape how the PSNP is rendered ‘climate-smart’. These narratives, however, are embedded within politics that have historically underpinned the country’s drive for modernisation and growth-oriented policies, particularly in dealing with food insecurity. Like pre-existing narratives on development and the environment, they rationalise the presence of a strong central State and its control over natural resources and rural livelihoods. The PSNP is thus conditioned to favour technocratic, productivist approaches to adapting to climate change that may help reproduce, rather than challenge the entrenched politics at the root of vulnerability. Ultimately, this case study demonstrates how climate discourses risk diluting core rights-based dimensions of social protection, contradicting efforts to address the structural dimensions of vulnerability to climate change.  相似文献   

100 global bright spots of green growth: Co-occurrence of nighttime light gain and forest gain, 1990–2015     

《Global Environmental Change》2022

Economic growth commonly occurs at the expense of environmental quality, but there are exceptions. Here we use satellite data to identify places where exceptional economic growth and exceptional environmental improvement co-occurred between 1990 and 2015. We term as “bright spots of green growth” those spatial clusters with the most cells above the 95th percentile within their world region in both economic growth (as proxied by increase in nighttime lights) and one aspect of environmental improvement (forest area). Because the locations of bright spots are sensitive to methodological choices, we applied two different approaches to identifying bright spots. The two approaches differed in their choice of nighttime lights data (DSMP-OLS in Approach A vs. DSMP-VIIRS composite in Approach B); choice of forest area data (forest cover vs. forest land-use); time period (2000–2010 vs. 1990–2015); and clustering technique (visual inspection vs. HDBSCAN algorithm). We identified the top five bright spots in each of ten world regions using each of two approaches, for a total of 100 global bright spots of green growth. We then tested the extent to which the attributes of bright spots were consistent with four non-mutually exclusive theories of green growth. Of the bright spots we identified, around two-thirds (65% using Approach A; 71% using Approach B) had significantly higher-than-regional-average growth in the share of labor employed in services, consistent with sectoral shift and “tertiarization.” Fewer than half (38%; 46%) had significantly higher growth in income, consistent with the “Environmental Kuznets Curve” theory. Some (54%; 29%) had significantly higher growth in timber plantation area, consistent with “eco-industry”-driven rural development. Few (0%; 10%) had significantly higher growth in protected area coverage, consistent with public policy-induced forest conservation. Our findings suggest sectoral shift toward services, rather than rising income per se, may be a promising pathway for other regions seeking to combine economic growth and environmental improvement.  相似文献   

中国交通行业实施环境经济政策的协同控制效应研究     

邢有凯  刘峥延  毛显强  高玉冰  何峰  余红 《气候变化研究进展》2021,17(4):379-387

目前,交通行业已成为中国局地大气污染物和温室气体的重要排放来源之一,而且随着交通运输规模的不断扩大,与工业和生活排放相比,交通排放贡献占比呈相对增加趋势。文中构建了“CGE-CIMS联合模型”,对中国交通行业实施环境经济政策的局地大气污染物和CO₂协同控制效应进行量化评估。结果显示,与BAU情景相比,环境税、碳税、成品油消费税以及政策组合情景均促进了交通行业的电力消费替代汽油、柴油等石油制品,即使考虑政策实施后电力消费增加导致的间接排放,各情景下综合大气污染物协同减排量（ICER）仍为正值,即各项环境经济政策均具有较好的协同控制局地大气污染物和CO₂的效果。本文最后提出了包括聚焦高排放交通工具,以补贴低碳交通方式配合绿色税制改革,以及电力行业低碳发展等交通行业实施环境经济政策的配套措施建议。  相似文献   

5 000 m深部干热岩钻井方案的技术经济评价   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

赵远刚 《中国地质调查》2018,5(2):73-77

介绍了美国芬顿山和法国苏茨深部干热岩的典型钻井技术方案,并根据我国干热岩钻井基础和地质成藏条件,从钻井深度、井身结构、钻进工艺和钻机设备等方面制定了3种不同的干热岩钻井技术方案,给出了具体技术指标数值。通过计算,对每种方案进行了技术经济评价,结果认为: 大直径钻井方案是技术可靠、经济可行的5 000 m干热岩钻探施工方案。  相似文献   

基于稳态碎岩方式的PDC钻头设计分析研究          下载免费PDF全文

汤凤林  沈中华  段隆臣  彭莉  柳少青  Чихоткин В.Ф. 《探矿工程》2018,45(1):73-78

自从20世纪80年代PDC复合片研发成功以来,PDC钻头由于其钻进性能强和耐磨性能好,在世界许多国家的石油钻井和地质勘探中得到了广泛应用,取得了很好的效果。但是,如何进一步提高其在钻探工程中的技术经济指标是一个很迫切的问题。俄罗斯博士Скоромных В. В.教授等对此进行多年研究,提出了稳态破碎岩石方式的思想,即在轴载和扭矩切力形成的合力R与切削面成垂直角度条件下,切入深度h不变时形成的一种碎岩方式。并在此基础上提出了一些设计PDC钻头方面的建议。  相似文献